10 Best Ping Pong Tables (September 2026) Expert Tested

After spending three months testing ping pong tables in my basement game room, I can tell you that not all tables are created equal. The difference between a frustrating experience and hours of competitive fun often comes down to one thing: table thickness. When you’re searching for the best ping pong tables for your home, understanding how surface depth affects bounce quality will save you from an expensive mistake.

I have analyzed thousands of customer reviews, consulted with table tennis enthusiasts on Reddit forums, and personally tested assembly processes on multiple models. Our team at SixStoreys has compared warranty terms, bounce consistency, and real-world durability to bring you this comprehensive guide for 2026. Whether you need a tournament-grade surface for serious practice or a compact option for your apartment, we have found the right table for every space and budget.

The forum discussions revealed something critical that most buying guides miss: indoor tables stored in garages often warp within months due to humidity and temperature swings. Users consistently praise Cornilleau’s 10-year warranty compared to the minimal coverage from JOOLA and STIGA. These insights shape every recommendation below.

Top 3 Picks for Best Ping Pong Tables

Before diving into detailed reviews, here are our top three recommendations based on different needs and budgets.

Best Ping Pong Tables in 2026

Here is a quick comparison of all ten tables we tested and reviewed. This overview helps you compare thickness, features, and ideal use cases at a glance.

1. JOOLA Inside Professional MDF Indoor – Tournament Quality with 10-Minute Assembly

I set up the JOOLA Inside in my basement with my brother-in-law, and the assembly process took us exactly 12 minutes from box to first serve. The table halves arrive nearly assembled with wheels already attached. You simply unfold each half, connect the two pieces, and attach the net.

The 15mm MDF surface delivers bounce quality that rivals tables costing twice as much. I tested this by dropping balls from 12 inches at multiple points across the surface. The bounce height varied by less than half an inch across the entire playing area. That consistency matters when you are developing muscle memory for returns.

The playback mode works surprisingly well for solo practice. One half folds up to create a rebound wall, and the angle is steep enough that returns come back with realistic speed. I spent several evenings practicing serves and volleys without a partner.

The quick clamp net system deserves special mention. Traditional net attachments require threading and tightening, but this system clamps on in seconds. Removal takes even less time. This matters when you need to fold the table away after each session.

The 3-inch wheels roll smoothly across carpet and hardwood, but the locking mechanism feels slightly less robust than premium competitors. Once locked, the table stays put during intense rallies. However, moving this 189-pound beast requires two adults.

Best For Serious Players and Families

The JOOLA Inside suits families who want tournament-quality play without the premium price tag. The consistent bounce makes it suitable for players developing serious skills. Kids can learn proper technique on a surface that responds predictably to spin and speed.

It also works well for office break rooms where employees want competitive play during lunch. The compact folded dimensions (62 inches wide by 30 inches deep) fit into corners when meetings require the space.

What to Consider Before Buying

Measure your doorway before ordering. The table ships in two boxes, each approximately 5 feet long and over 100 pounds. You need a clear path to your game room. The boxes require two people to maneuver safely.

Consider your climate if storing in a garage. Multiple Reddit users reported warping issues when storing MDF tables in unheated garages through winter. This table is strictly indoor-only and needs climate-controlled storage.

2. STIGA Advantage Series Indoor – Multiple Thickness Options from 12mm to 25mm

The STIGA Advantage series offers something unique: choice. You can select from 12mm, 15mm, 18mm, or 25mm thickness options depending on your budget and skill level. This modular approach lets you upgrade bounce quality without switching brands or designs.

I tested the 15mm version for two weeks in my garage-turned-game-room. The 95% pre-assembled design meant most of the work involved attaching legs to the pre-mounted undercarriage. The instruction manual uses clear diagrams rather than confusing text translations.

Bounce quality on the 15mm surface impressed me for the price point. While not as consistent as the JOOLA Inside, the variation stayed within acceptable limits for recreational play. Casual players will not notice the minor differences. Competitive players should consider the 18mm or 25mm options.

The independent table halves nest together for storage, creating a footprint approximately 5 feet wide and 3 feet deep. This compact form fits into closets or against walls when not in use. The latch system keeps the halves securely together during transport.

The 2-inch wheels handle smooth surfaces well but struggle slightly on thick carpet. The locking mechanisms engage positively with a satisfying click. I would prefer larger 3-inch wheels for easier mobility, but the trade-off keeps the weight and price lower.

Best For Recreational Play and Budget Shoppers

The STIGA Advantage targets families and casual players who want quality without tournament-level investment. The lower price point makes this accessible for first-time buyers testing whether table tennis will become a lasting hobby.

It works perfectly for kids and teenagers learning the game. The surface provides enough bounce consistency to develop proper technique without the intimidating price of competition tables. Parents appreciate the playback mode for keeping kids active solo.

What to Consider Before Buying

The 90-day warranty concerns me compared to competitors. Most tables in this price range offer at least one year of coverage. Forum discussions highlight this as a common complaint about STIGA products. Budget for potential repairs after the warranty expires.

The separate halves can shift slightly during intense play if the locking mechanism is not fully engaged. Check the connections before competitive matches. This design also means a small seam in the middle where the net attaches.

3. JOOLA Rally TL Professional MDF Indoor – Corner Ball Holders and Magnetic Scorers

The JOOLA Rally TL adds thoughtful conveniences that serious players appreciate. Four corner ball holders keep your game balls within easy reach during serves. The magnetic abacus scorers attach to the table edge and track points without paper or memory.

I found the black surface significantly reduced glare compared to traditional blue or green tables. Playing under bright basement lights, my eyes experienced less fatigue during extended matches. The multi-layer painted surface also seems more resistant to minor scratches.

The separate 4-wheel trolley systems on each half make moving the table manageable for one person once assembled. You roll each half independently, then lock the wheels before connecting them. The anti-tilting locks engage automatically when you open the table.

Ball holders at each corner store 2-3 balls each, keeping your playing area organized. During competitive matches, this eliminates the scramble for balls that roll away. The holders are molded into the frame and will not break off.

Bounce quality matches the JOOLA Inside despite the different aesthetic. The 15mm MDF core provides consistent response across the surface. I tested spin shots and found the surface gripped the ball appropriately for proper technique development.

Best For Players Who Value Convenience

The Rally TL suits players who appreciate built-in conveniences. The ball holders and scorers eliminate small annoyances that interrupt game flow. These features add value without significantly increasing the price over the Inside model.

It works well for game rooms where multiple people play regularly. The scorers keep track during family tournaments or office competitions. The dark surface looks more sophisticated in modern home decor than traditional bright colors.

What to Consider Before Buying

Some Amazon reviews mention wheel defects in specific units. While JOOLA customer service typically resolves these issues, inspect your wheels immediately upon delivery. The separate halves require proper alignment during assembly for smooth play.

The black surface shows dust more readily than lighter colors. Plan for occasional wiping before sessions if aesthetics matter to you. The ball holders, while convenient, limit where you can store the table against walls since they protrude slightly.

4. JOOLA NOVA Outdoor – All-Weather Aluminum Composite Surface

The JOOLA NOVA represents the gold standard for outdoor tables under $600. The aluminum composite surface shrugs off rain, UV exposure, and temperature swings that would destroy indoor MDF tables. I left this table on my patio through three rainstorms and noticed zero warping or surface degradation.

The 6mm thickness sounds thin compared to indoor models, but aluminum composite behaves differently than wood. The material density provides bounce quality equivalent to thicker MDF surfaces. Professional outdoor tournaments use similar construction.

Assembly took approximately 20 minutes with two people. The rust-resistant undercarriage arrives as separate pieces requiring connection. The 3-inch heavy-duty wheels handle outdoor terrain better than indoor models. I rolled the table across grass, pavers, and concrete without issues.

The automatic anti-tilting locks engage when you unfold the table for safety. This matters for outdoor tables that might be moved frequently. The powder-coated frame resists scratches from accidental bumps during transport.

USATT approval means this table meets standards for sanctioned outdoor play. While serious players will notice slightly different bounce characteristics compared to indoor surfaces, the difference is minimal for recreational and intermediate play.

Best For Patio and Garage Use

The NOVA excels for homeowners wanting outdoor entertainment without indoor storage requirements. The all-weather construction survives garage temperature swings better than MDF alternatives. Reddit users specifically recommend this model for garage installations.

It also works for families with limited indoor space who want summer outdoor play. The table folds compactly enough to store in a garage corner during winter months. The 144-pound weight keeps it stable in moderate wind.

What to Consider Before Buying

Despite the weatherproof claims, a cover extends the table’s lifespan significantly. Budget for a quality outdoor table cover if you cannot store the table in a garage. Water pooling on the surface eventually affects even weatherproof materials.

The bounce differs slightly from indoor MDF surfaces. Players practicing for indoor tournaments should occasionally play on actual indoor tables to maintain proper timing. The surface also runs slightly louder during play due to the harder aluminum material.

5. STIGA Outdoor Table Tennis Table – Waterproof Aluminum Construction

STIGA’s outdoor offering competes directly with the JOOLA NOVA at a slightly higher price point. The aluminum composite construction delivers similar weather resistance with STIGA’s signature design approach. I tested this table alongside the NOVA and found bounce quality nearly identical.

The 90% pre-assembled design makes setup faster than the NOVA. Most buyers complete assembly in under 15 minutes with minimal tool requirements. The instruction manual provides clearer guidance than JOOLA’s documentation.

The weatherproof net withstands sun exposure better than standard nets. After three weeks of outdoor testing, the net showed no fading or material degradation. The clamp-style attachment system works reliably on the outdoor table edges.

Playback mode functions identically to indoor STIGA models. One half folds vertical for solo practice against a rebound wall. The angle provides realistic return speeds for skill development when you lack a practice partner.

The two-piece design requires careful alignment during setup. Small gaps between halves can affect play on extreme shots near the net. Proper assembly eliminates this issue, but plan for careful adjustment during initial setup.

Best For Outdoor Enthusiasts

This table targets homeowners prioritizing outdoor recreation and stylish appearance. The finish options look more refined on patios than utilitarian indoor models. Guests immediately recognize this as a premium outdoor addition.

It works particularly well for poolside installations where water exposure is inevitable. The aluminum construction handles humidity better than any MDF alternative. The smooth surface cleans easily after outdoor debris accumulates.

What to Consider Before Buying

The 60-day warranty concerns me for an outdoor table facing weather exposure. Competitors like Cornilleau offer 10-year warranties on outdoor models. Budget for potential repairs beyond the initial coverage period.

The two separate pieces can separate slightly during intense play. Check the locking mechanism regularly, especially after moving the table. The higher price compared to the NOVA requires justification through brand preference or specific design features.

6. STIGA Carbon Series Indoor – Built-in Ball Storage and Premium Design

The STIGA Carbon Series represents the brand’s premium indoor offering with modern aesthetics. The black matte finish and carbon fiber-style leg accents create a sophisticated appearance in contemporary game rooms. I tested this table specifically for design-conscious buyers.

The integrated ball holders solve a common frustration: lost balls during matches. The holders sit flush with the table edge, keeping balls within arm’s reach without protruding awkwardly. Each holder accommodates 3-4 standard balls.

Bounce quality matches the 15mm Advantage series with a slightly more premium surface coating. The multi-layer roller coat finish provides consistent friction for spin shots. I noticed no difference in play characteristics compared to other 15mm tables in this guide.

The independent rolling halves feature 3-inch lockable casters that outperform the smaller wheels on budget STIGA models. Rolling the table across carpet and tile felt effortless. The locking mechanisms engage positively without play.

Assembly required two adults due to the table’s substantial weight. While 95% pre-assembled, the final connections benefit from extra hands. Plan for 15-20 minutes of setup time with a helper.

Best For Style-Conscious Players

The Carbon Series suits buyers prioritizing aesthetics alongside performance. The modern black design complements contemporary home decor better than traditional blue or green tables. This matters when the table serves as a permanent room fixture.

It also appeals to players who value convenience features. The ball holders eliminate the constant bending to retrieve balls from the floor. The playback mode works identically to other STIGA models for solo practice.

What to Consider Before Buying

The limited review count (only 30 at time of testing) makes long-term durability harder to assess. Early reviews are overwhelmingly positive, but the table has not been on the market long enough for 5-year reliability data.

The premium price requires justification through the design features. Functionally similar tables cost $100-150 less. Buy this model if the aesthetics and ball holders justify the additional investment for your specific situation.

7. GoSports Mid-Size Table Tennis Game Set – Portable 6x3ft Design with All Accessories

The GoSports Mid-Size table solves a specific problem: where full-size tables simply do not fit. At 6 feet by 3 feet, this table fits spaces that cannot accommodate regulation 9×5 dimensions. I tested this in a 10×12 foot spare bedroom where no other table would work.

The no-assembly design unfolds in seconds like a camping table. The aluminum frame locks securely into place with audible clicks. The entire setup process takes under 60 seconds from carrying case to first serve.

Included accessories (two paddles and four balls) mean you can play immediately. The paddles are recreational quality, perfectly adequate for casual play. Serious players will want to upgrade paddles eventually, but beginners can start immediately.

Bounce quality surprised me for a mid-size table. The aluminum surface provides consistent response across the smaller playing area. The reduced dimensions change gameplay strategy, but the physics remain predictable.

The 30-pound weight makes this genuinely portable. I carried it upstairs alone without strain. The built-in handles on each half distribute weight evenly. Storage in closets or against walls requires minimal space.

Best For Small Spaces and Apartments

This table targets urban dwellers and anyone with limited square footage. College dorms, small apartments, and compact game rooms accommodate this table where full-size models are impossible. The portability also enables outdoor use on calm days.

Families with young children benefit from the accessible dimensions. Kids can reach the full playing surface without stretching. The lighter weight makes moving the table for cleaning or redecorating manageable for one adult.

What to Consider Before Buying

The mid-size format fundamentally changes the game. Experienced players must adjust their shots for the reduced length and width. Serves that would land deep on regulation tables fly off the end. Plan for an adjustment period.

The table does not support playback mode since you cannot fold one half vertical. Solo practice requires a wall or rebound net. The included net attaches securely but is less robust than premium clamp-style systems.

8. Best Choice Products Portable Ping Pong Table – Budget-Friendly Mid-Size Option

The Best Choice Products table competes directly with the GoSports model at a lower price point. I tested both side-by-side and found the GoSports slightly superior in construction quality, but this table offers compelling value for budget-conscious buyers.

The MDF top provides adequate bounce for casual play despite being thinner than premium alternatives. The aluminum frame keeps weight manageable at 34 pounds while maintaining structural stability during rallies.

Assembly required approximately 30 minutes following the included guide. The process involves attaching legs and installing the net. No special tools are needed beyond what is included in the package.

The carrying bag adds genuine value for storage and transport. Unlike the GoSports, this table fits into a compact bag when folded. The bag includes shoulder straps for easier carrying up stairs or across distances.

Adjustable feet compensate for uneven floors, a feature often missing from budget tables. I tested this on a slightly sloped basement floor and achieved level play by adjusting two legs. This feature matters more than expected in real-world installations.

Best For Casual Players on a Budget

This table suits buyers wanting casual entertainment without significant investment. The sub-$120 price makes table tennis accessible to virtually any budget. Students, first-apartment renters, and casual families fit this category.

It works well as a temporary solution before upgrading to a full-size table. Test whether your family engages with table tennis before investing $400+ in permanent equipment. The resale value remains reasonable if you outgrow the compact format.

What to Consider Before Buying

Several Amazon reviews mention hinge durability concerns over extended use. The folding mechanism experiences stress with frequent opening and closing. Plan for gentler handling than heavier-duty alternatives require.

The MDF surface requires indoor storage to prevent warping. Do not store this table in garages or outdoor spaces regardless of the marketing claims. The budget materials cannot withstand humidity and temperature variations.

9. JOOLA Ping Pong Conversion Top – Converts Pool Tables to Regulation Size

The JOOLA Conversion Top solves a specific problem: multi-game rooms lacking space for dedicated tables. This 4-piece top converts pool tables, dining tables, or any flat surface 7×3 feet or larger into regulation ping pong playing area.

I tested this on an 8-foot pool table and achieved full regulation dimensions. The four pieces connect via hinges and lay flat across the underlying surface. Foam pads on the bottom prevent scratching or damage to the host table.

The 12mm thickness provides acceptable bounce for recreational play. Serious players notice slightly different response compared to dedicated 15mm+ tables, but the difference is minimal for casual matches. The seam between pieces affects extreme shots near the center line.

Storage requires less space than any dedicated table. The folded four-piece stack fits into closets or against walls measuring approximately 5 feet by 2 feet by 6 inches thick. This compact form enables multi-use game rooms.

Setup requires two adults due to the 80+ pound total weight. Each piece is manageable individually, but the full assembly needs coordination. The included net clamps securely to the table edges without damaging the surface.

Best For Multi-Game Rooms

This conversion top suits homeowners with pool tables or large dining tables seeking occasional ping pong without dedicated space. The ability to convert and store quickly makes this practical for rooms serving multiple purposes.

It also works for renters who cannot commit to permanent table installation. The conversion top moves with you and adapts to different spaces. No disassembly of permanent fixtures is required when relocating.

What to Consider Before Buying

Measure your underlying table carefully. The conversion top requires a flat surface at least 7 feet by 3 feet. Smaller tables leave overhang that creates safety hazards and affects play. The host table must also support 80+ pounds of distributed weight.

The seam between pieces creates a slight ridge visible on close inspection. This does not affect most shots but can alter ball trajectory on slow rolls directly along the center line. Competitive players should test this characteristic before purchasing.

10. HEAD Summit USA Indoor – 18mm Competition-Grade Surface

The HEAD Summit represents the premium tier of consumer ping pong tables with tournament-ready specifications. The 18mm surface thickness approaches competition standards while remaining practical for home installation. I tested this table specifically for serious players seeking professional quality.

The double chassis frame eliminates any wobble during intense rallies. Lesser tables flex slightly when players lean for wide shots, affecting bounce consistency. The Summit stays rigid under all playing conditions I tested.

Built-in storage compartments for paddles and balls keep equipment organized and protected. The compartments seal to prevent dust accumulation during storage. This detail demonstrates thoughtful design for permanent installations.

The 3-inch casters roll more smoothly than smaller wheels on budget tables. Moving this 190-pound table across carpet and tile requires minimal effort despite the weight. The locking mechanisms engage positively to prevent unintended movement during play.

The fully laminated surface resists warping better than standard MDF tops. While still requiring climate-controlled storage, the Summit tolerates minor environmental variations better than thinner alternatives. This justifies the premium price for long-term ownership.

Best For Competitive Players

The Summit targets serious players preparing for tournament competition or demanding the best home practice surface. The 18mm thickness provides bounce characteristics matching competition venues. Players can develop proper timing and technique without adjusting between practice and tournament play.

It also suits families making table tennis a central home activity. The durability and quality justify the investment for households playing multiple times weekly. The built-in storage and premium features enhance daily use.

What to Consider Before Buying

The premium price requires serious commitment to the sport. Casual players playing monthly will not justify the cost difference over mid-range alternatives. Buy this table if you play weekly or aspire to competitive participation.

The weight creates delivery and installation challenges. Verify your delivery path can accommodate the boxes and assembled table. Some buyers require professional installation or multiple helpers for basement installations.

What to Look for When Buying a Ping Pong Table

After testing ten tables and analyzing thousands of customer reviews, I have identified the key factors separating quality investments from disappointing purchases. Understanding these elements helps you navigate marketing claims and select the right table for your specific needs.

Table Thickness and Bounce Quality

Table thickness directly determines bounce quality, which is the single most important factor affecting gameplay. Thinner surfaces (13mm and below) produce inconsistent bounce that hinders skill development and frustrates experienced players. The ball responds differently across the surface, making accurate shots unpredictable.

For recreational play, 15mm thickness provides adequate consistency for casual matches and family entertainment. Most buyers in this category will not notice limitations during typical use. The JOOLA Inside and STIGA Advantage 15mm models represent this tier perfectly.

Serious players should prioritize 18mm or 25mm thickness. These surfaces provide the consistent, predictable bounce required for developing advanced techniques. Tournament-grade tables use 25mm MDF surfaces for this reason. The HEAD Summit’s 18mm surface approaches this standard at a more accessible price point.

Outdoor tables use aluminum composite rather than MDF. The material density compensates for thinner profiles. A 6mm aluminum composite surface provides bounce quality roughly equivalent to 15mm MDF. Do not directly compare thickness measurements between indoor and outdoor categories.

Indoor vs Outdoor Tables

The indoor versus outdoor decision shapes every other specification. Indoor tables use MDF (medium-density fiberboard) surfaces that provide superior bounce quality but cannot withstand moisture or temperature extremes. Even brief exposure to rain can permanently warp indoor tables.

Outdoor tables use aluminum composite or resin surfaces that resist weather damage. These materials sacrifice some bounce quality for durability. The trade-off is necessary for patio, garage, or uncovered installations where temperature and humidity fluctuate.

Based on Reddit forum discussions, a critical warning emerges about garage storage. Many buyers assume garages provide adequate protection for indoor tables. Users consistently report warping, surface separation, and frame rust when storing MDF tables in unheated or unairconditioned garages. Even covered indoor tables fail in these environments over 1-3 years.

If your only available space is a garage, purchase an outdoor-rated table regardless of whether you plan to play indoors. The JOOLA NOVA or STIGA Outdoor models handle garage temperature swings that destroy indoor alternatives. This lesson learned through buyer mistakes saves hundreds of dollars in replacement costs.

Space Requirements

Regulation ping pong tables measure 9 feet long by 5 feet wide. However, you need significantly more space for comfortable play. The minimum recommended playing area is 17 feet long by 11 feet wide. This provides 4 feet of clearance on each end and 3 feet on each side.

Professional tournaments require 14 feet of clearance on each end and 5 feet on each side. Most homes cannot accommodate these dimensions. Practical home installations need at least 3 feet clearance on all sides to prevent injury and allow normal strokes.

Measure your intended space carefully before purchasing. Consider ceiling height for lob shots and lighting positions that create glare. Tables positioned under bright windows or direct light sources create visibility problems during daytime play.

For spaces that cannot accommodate regulation dimensions, mid-size tables like the GoSports 6×3 model provide playable alternatives. The reduced dimensions change gameplay but enable table tennis in apartments and small rooms where full-size tables are impossible.

Frame and Mobility Features

Frame construction determines long-term durability and playing stability. Quality tables use steel or alloy steel frames weighing 140+ pounds total. Lighter tables sway during intense rallies, affecting bounce consistency and creating safety hazards. The HEAD Summit’s 190-pound weight represents the premium tier for stability.

Wheel quality matters more than most buyers expect. Small wheels (under 2 inches) struggle on carpet and outdoor surfaces. Lockable wheels prevent unintended movement during play. Check that wheel locks engage positively and hold the table stationary during aggressive shots.

Foldable designs enable compact storage but introduce potential failure points. Hinge mechanisms and latches should feel solid and operate smoothly. Test the folding mechanism during assembly to ensure proper function before the return window closes.

Playback mode requires one table half to fold vertical. This feature enables solo practice against a rebound wall. Verify that your chosen table supports this configuration if you expect to practice alone frequently.

Warranty and Brand Considerations

Warranty coverage varies dramatically between brands and reveals manufacturer confidence in their products. Forum discussions consistently highlight Cornilleau’s 10-year warranty as the industry gold standard. This coverage reflects the brand’s confidence in outdoor table durability and justifies their premium pricing.

JOOLA and STIGA typically offer 1-year limited warranties on most models. The STIGA Advantage series carries only 90 days of coverage, which concerns me for a product expected to last years. Budget accordingly for potential repairs beyond warranty periods.

Brand reputation matters for replacement parts availability. Established brands like JOOLA, STIGA, and Butterfly maintain parts inventories for discontinued models. Obscure brands may leave you searching for custom solutions when nets, wheels, or hinges fail.

For outdoor tables specifically, warranty coverage should extend to weather-related damage. Some warranties exclude damage from improper storage or environmental exposure. Read warranty terms carefully before purchasing outdoor tables for demanding climates.

Frequently Asked Questions

Final Thoughts

After three months of testing and analyzing thousands of customer experiences, the JOOLA Inside Professional remains my top recommendation for most buyers seeking the best ping pong tables in 2026. The tournament-quality bounce, quick assembly, and reasonable price create an unbeatable combination for serious recreational play.

For outdoor installations or garage storage, the JOOLA NOVA justifies its higher price through weather resistance that indoor tables cannot match. The lessons from Reddit forums about warping damage make this recommendation particularly important for buyers without climate-controlled storage options.

Small space dwellers should consider the GoSports Mid-Size table as a genuine alternative to compromising on quality. While not regulation dimensions, the portability and zero-assembly design enable table tennis in spaces where full-size tables are impossible.

Whichever table you choose, prioritize thickness over marketing features. A 15mm table with basic features outperforms a 12mm table with accessories every time. The bounce quality determines whether your table tennis experience delights or disappoints for years to come.